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Chapters/Background.tex
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@@ -231,7 +231,7 @@ In many modern devices, the most common integration of an \gls{esim} is as a sol
\paragraph{Application Toolkit}
The SIM/USIM Application Toolkit—collectively referred to as the \gls{cat} in ETSI TS 102 223~\cite{etsi_ts_2014}, provides a proactive command framework for on-card applications. The original \gls{stk}, introduced in ETSI 11.14~\cite{etsi_gsm_1997}, targets GSM SIMs, while the \gls{usat}, defined in ETSI TS 131 111~\cite{etsi_ts_2020}, extends these capabilities for UICC/USIM environments. CAT unifies STK and USAT under a single umbrella for all UICC-based toolkits. These toolkits enable on-card applets to interact with the user equipment—displaying menus, sending SMS, downloading data, or even initiating eSIM profile operations such as renaming or activation. Projects like \texttt{estk.me} have further enhanced this interface with “cloud-enhanced” \gls{rlpa}, which allows users to initiate profile provisioning directly via CAT menus without a separate LPA client~\cite{estkme_rlpa-server_2025}. Other provisioning methods typically require a dedicated LPA application on the device.
The SIM/USIM Application Toolkit — collectively referred to as the \gls{cat} in ETSI TS 102 223~\cite{etsi_ts_2014}, provides a proactive command framework for on-card applications. The original \gls{stk}, introduced in ETSI 11.14~\cite{etsi_gsm_1997}, targets GSM SIMs, while the \gls{usat}, defined in ETSI TS 131 111~\cite{etsi_ts_2020}, extends these capabilities for UICC/USIM environments. CAT unifies STK and USAT under a single umbrella for all UICC-based toolkits. These toolkits enable on-card applets to interact with the user equipment—displaying menus, sending SMS, downloading data, or even initiating eSIM profile operations such as renaming or activation. Projects like \texttt{estk.me} have further enhanced this interface with “cloud-enhanced” \gls{rlpa}, which allows users to initiate profile provisioning directly via CAT menus without a separate LPA client~\cite{estkme_rlpa-server_2025}. Other provisioning methods typically require a dedicated LPA application on the device.